Nominating beneficiaries on pensions, life insurance and offshore wrappers
Beneficiary nominations are the forms that tell pension trustees, insurers, and offshore wrapper providers who you want to receive death benefits. They often sit outside your will and can override your intended outcome if they are outdated. A good nomination plan keeps pensions, life insurance, and offshore wrappers aligned with your estate plan and reviewed after major life events.
At a glance
- Many pensions and death-in-service benefits sit outside your will and use nominations
- Trustees and providers often have discretion, but your nomination strongly influences outcomes
- The biggest risks are outdated beneficiaries, divorce, and missing minor child planning
- Life insurance is different: ownership and trust structure often matter more than the nomination
- Offshore wrappers usually use nominations too, but the practical admin process must be planned
- Review nominations annually and after marriage, divorce, children, relocation, and major wealth changes
People Also Ask
- Do pension beneficiary nominations override a will?
- What happens if I do not complete a pension nomination form?
- Can I nominate my children on my pension if they are minors?
- Should life insurance be written in trust or paid to a named beneficiary?
- How do beneficiary nominations work on offshore portfolio bonds?
- How often should I update beneficiary nominations?
Why this matters more than most people realise
Most people believe their will controls who gets what when they die.
That is not how it works for a large chunk of modern wealth.
In practice, three buckets often sit outside the will or run on their own tracks:
- pensions and death benefits
- life insurance and employer death-in-service schemes
- offshore wrappers such as portfolio bonds and certain international platforms
Those tracks are governed by nomination forms, scheme rules, and trustee or provider discretion.
That is why beneficiary nominations are one of the highest leverage admin tasks in personal finance.
They take minutes. They can prevent months of delay and a lifetime of regret for your family.
For expats, the risk is multiplied:
- your pensions may be UK-based while you live in the Middle East
- your life cover may be employer-linked and change every time you change job
- your offshore wrapper may sit in a different jurisdiction to your will
- your family may need to administer everything cross-border under time pressure
I’m Josh, a financial planner specialising in expats in the Middle East. I join the dots across pensions, tax, currency, investments, insurance, and estate planning so globally mobile families stop guessing and start making confident decisions. I am authorised and able to advise clients across the Middle East, the UK, and the USA, which matters when your beneficiaries and structures must still work after relocation.
This guide is educational only. It is not personal advice. Rules and provider processes differ, and tax can change. The aim is to make you decision-ready with a clean framework you can apply to your pensions, life cover, and offshore wrappers.
Core explanation
What a beneficiary nomination actually is
A beneficiary nomination is the instruction you give to a provider about who should receive a death benefit.
Different providers call it different things:
- nomination form
- expression of wish
- letter of wishes
- beneficiary designation
The key point is the same:
it influences who receives the money, and it often operates outside your will.
For many pensions, trustees or providers have discretion. They are not legally bound to follow your nomination, but they will usually treat it as the single most important input when deciding who receives the benefit and in what proportions.
This matters because trustee discretion is often part of what keeps pensions outside the estate for inheritance tax purposes, depending on the rules at the time.
Why nominations sit outside your will
Your will is a legal document that governs your estate.
But many financial arrangements are contracts or trust-based arrangements that sit outside the estate framework.
Common examples:
- defined contribution pensions
- death in service schemes
- group life schemes
- some SIPPs and international pension arrangements
- some offshore wrappers that pay a death benefit via nomination
That means your will can be perfect and still not control your pension outcome.
If the nomination is wrong, the wrong person can receive the money, even if your will says otherwise.
How this goes wrong in real life
These are the patterns I see repeatedly:
- An ex-spouse is still nominated after divorce
- A parent is nominated from your 20s, but you now have a spouse and children
- You nominated your spouse, then remarried, but never updated the forms
- You nominated “my children”, but there is no detail and the provider needs clarity
- You nominated minors without planning for trusteeship or guardianship
- You have multiple pensions and each has a different beneficiary story
- Your offshore wrapper nomination is correct, but nobody can find the paperwork or access instructions
What good looks like
A strong beneficiary nomination system has five qualities:
- one clear family intent
- aligned nominations across pensions, life cover, and wrappers
- documentation that your spouse and executors can find
- trustee and guardian planning for minors
- an annual review rhythm and event-based updates
Think of it as an “estate plan plumbing check”.
If the plumbing is wrong, the house floods no matter how nice the blueprint is.
Five worked examples with numbers
Worked example 1: UK pension nomination overrides the will
Situation
A 41-year-old UK expat in Dubai has a UK workplace pension worth £280,000 and a UK SIPP worth £220,000. Their will leaves everything to their spouse and then to children. Their workplace pension nomination still names their mother from years ago.
The hidden risk
The pension trustees consider the nomination and pay the lump sum to the nominated person. The spouse is left trying to negotiate informally while also dealing with grief and administration.
The numbers
- Workplace pension: £280,000
- SIPP: £220,000
- Total pension death benefits: £500,000
- Family monthly costs: AED 45,000
- Immediate 12-month stability need: AED 540,000
- Liquidity gap if benefits go to the wrong person: severe
The planning logic
- Recognise pensions may not pass via the will
- Treat nominations as separate, high-priority documents
- Align nominations with will intent and family cashflow reality
- Ensure spouse can access funds quickly and cleanly
A clean solution approach
Update nominations on every pension and consolidate documentation in a single estate folder. Confirm spouse and executors know what exists and where nominations are stored.
Takeaway
A will does not protect you if the pension nomination is wrong.
Worked example 2: Divorce and the “set and forget” problem
Situation
A 49-year-old has an international life policy and a death in service scheme through their employer. They divorced three years ago and remarried. They never updated employer HR forms or insurance nominations.
The hidden risk
The ex-spouse remains listed. Employer trustees or insurers pay based on documentation and scheme rules. The new spouse is left with uncertainty and potential legal conflict.
The numbers
- Death in service benefit: 4x salary
- Salary: AED 900,000
- Death in service lump sum: AED 3,600,000
- Individual life policy: AED 2,000,000
- Total potential death benefits: AED 5,600,000
- Difference between correct and incorrect recipient: life-altering
The planning logic
- Divorce is an automatic trigger for nomination audit
- Remarriage is another trigger
- Employer schemes and policies have their own records and must be updated separately
- Do not assume HR changes propagate everywhere
A clean solution approach
Treat every scheme as separate. Update employer death benefit forms, group life, and personal policies individually. Store confirmation evidence.
Takeaway
Relationship changes break nominations faster than markets break portfolios.
Worked example 3: Minor children and the trustee gap
Situation
A couple in the UAE has two children aged 6 and 9. They nominate the children as pension beneficiaries. There is no guardian plan, no will coordination, and no trust structure to receive funds for minors.
The hidden risk
Money may be payable to minors in a way that creates delays, court involvement, or practical admin chaos. The family’s intention was good, but the execution is not workable.
The numbers
- UK pension pot: £650,000
- Expected annual child costs and education: AED 180,000
- 10-year education runway: AED 1,800,000
- Immediate guardian and continuity fund needed: AED 500,000
- Risk: delays at the exact time guardians need funding
The planning logic
- Nominating minors is not enough
- You must plan who controls and releases money for their benefit
- Coordination between nominations, wills, and guardianship is essential
- The aim is continuity, not just “fair shares”
A clean solution approach
Nominate a suitable structure or trusted adult recipient where appropriate, supported by will trusts and a letter of wishes that explains intent. Ensure guardianship planning is in place.
Takeaway
Minors create an execution problem, not just a beneficiary problem.
Worked example 4: Offshore wrapper nomination and cross-border admin friction
Situation
A family holds US equities through an offshore portfolio bond to reduce US estate exposure. The wrapper has a nomination form that directs proceeds to the spouse and children. The form is correct, but nobody has the provider details, policy number, or admin instructions.
The hidden risk
The death benefit is payable, but the family cannot move quickly. They spend months locating documents, proving identity, and navigating cross-border process. Meanwhile, household cashflow and legal costs continue.
The numbers
- Offshore wrapper value: USD 1,200,000
- Household costs: AED 55,000 per month
- 9-month admin and settlement timeline: realistic in cross-border cases
- 9-month cash need: AED 495,000
- Known accessible cash: AED 150,000
- Liquidity gap: AED 345,000
The planning logic
- The nomination is only half the job
- Your family needs a practical claim pathway
- Create a document pack: provider, policy number, contacts, identity requirements
- Build a 6 to 12 month liquidity runway that is not dependent on perfect admin timing
A clean solution approach
Maintain a one-page “Death benefit claims map” listing every provider, policy number, and who to contact. Store it securely and share location with executors.
Takeaway
Correct nominations still fail if your family cannot execute the claim quickly.
Worked example 5: Business owner with key person cover and shareholder intent
Situation
A founder has key person life insurance owned by the company and also has personal life cover. They assume both will go to their spouse. In reality, the company policy is intended to protect the business and may be paid to the company, not the family.
The hidden risk
The spouse expects cash for family continuity, but the business uses proceeds for payroll, debt, or continuity. There is conflict because intentions were never documented clearly.
The numbers
- Company-owned key person cover: AED 6,000,000
- Personal life cover: AED 2,500,000
- Business debt: AED 3,000,000
- Monthly household spend: AED 40,000
- 24-month family runway target: AED 960,000
- If family relied on company cover, the gap is dangerous
The planning logic
- Identify what each policy is actually for
- Company-owned cover is usually business liquidity, not family inheritance
- Personal cover must be sized to family needs without assuming business proceeds
- Nominations, ownership, and documentation must match purpose
A clean solution approach
Document policy purpose, ownership, and beneficiary outcomes in writing. Ensure family protection is not reliant on business policy proceeds.
Takeaway
Ownership beats intention. If the structure says “company”, your spouse cannot assume “family”.
Deep dive
The three systems you must understand
Beneficiary outcomes depend on which system you are dealing with.
Pensions
Many pensions use trustee discretion and expression of wish forms. Trustees consider your wishes but decide based on scheme rules and the facts at the time.
Life insurance and death in service
Life insurance can be personally owned, owned by a trust, or part of a discretionary employer scheme. The payout route depends on ownership and scheme design, not only the name on a form.
Offshore wrappers
Offshore portfolio bonds and similar wrappers often use nominations to direct proceeds. Provider process and admin readiness can matter as much as the form itself.
Your estate plan fails when you treat all three as identical.
Pensions: why trustees have discretion
Trustee discretion can:
- allow payment to dependants and beneficiaries quickly
- keep benefits outside the estate in many cases
- allow trustees to respond to real-world circumstances
It also means:
- your nomination is influential, not always binding
- vague nominations create uncertainty
- outdated nominations can steer decisions badly
Practical implication: your nomination should be clear, current, and aligned to your wider intent.
Life insurance: why trust and ownership often matter more than nomination
For life insurance, the most important questions are:
- who owns the policy?
- who receives proceeds?
- does the payout go into the estate or outside it?
- is there a trust in place, and who are the trustees?
A nomination can help, but it cannot fix a bad ownership structure.
If you want speed and separation from the estate, trust ownership is often the mechanism that makes that possible. The governance must be real, not theoretical.
Offshore wrappers: nominations plus execution planning
Offshore wrappers can be excellent planning tools, but the admin reality is often ignored.
Expats face:
- provider identity checks
- cross-border documentation requirements
- delays in obtaining death certificates and legal documents
- multiple jurisdictions and language requirements
A nomination is not an admin plan.
A good wrapper beneficiary plan includes:
- nomination that matches intent
- document pack and provider contacts
- clear executor and family instructions
- interim liquidity planning for the first year
What can go wrong
- Multiple pensions have inconsistent nominations
- Your will says one thing, nominations say another
- Divorce, remarriage, or new children happen, and nominations never change
- Minor children are nominated with no mechanism for control and distribution
- Employer HR records are outdated
- Offshore providers cannot process quickly due to missing documents
- Family cannot find account details and loses months
- Business-owned policies are assumed to be family protection
When nominations are not the right tool on their own
Nominations are not enough when:
- you need control over how and when minors receive money
- you have a blended family and want to balance spouse security with child inheritance
- you need protection from divorce or creditor risk for adult children
- you have cross-border assets requiring coordinated legal documents
- you want a specific governance outcome rather than a simple payout
In those situations, nominations must be coordinated with wills, trusts, letters of wishes, and guardianship planning.
How to evaluate this properly
Use this simple framework:
- Identify every asset that uses nominations
- Confirm what sits outside the will
- Decide the outcome you want for each beneficiary category
- spouse
- children
- parents
- business partners
- Decide the governance layer needed
- direct payout
- trust-based payout
- discretionary control
- Align nominations, ownership, and documents
- Build an execution pack your family can actually use
What gets overlooked in real life
- People update their will and forget nominations entirely
- Employer death-in-service forms are treated as an HR task, not estate planning
- Old nominations often survive divorce and cause the most painful disputes
- Minor children need guardianship and control planning, not just equal shares
- The “right” beneficiary can be the wrong person to receive money directly
- Offshore wrapper nominations are correct but documents are impossible to find
- Business-owned cover is mistaken for family inheritance
- Families underestimate how long admin takes, especially cross-border
- People forget to nominate backup beneficiaries
- The best plan is the one your spouse can execute without you
How to stress-test what you already have
- Do you have a list of every pension, life policy, and wrapper you own?
- For each one, do you know where the nomination is stored and how to update it?
- Are nominations consistent with your will and your real intent?
- Have you updated nominations after marriage, divorce, remarriage, or new children?
- Are you nominating minors, and if so, who controls the money and how?
- Do you have backup beneficiaries listed where possible?
- Do employer death-in-service forms match your current wishes?
- Are any policies owned by a company or trust, and is that understood by the family?
- Can your spouse find provider details and policy numbers within 10 minutes?
- Have you documented what to do in the first 72 hours after death?
- Do you have a 6–12 month liquidity runway that does not rely on quick claims?
- Have you reviewed nominations within the last 12 months?
Common mistakes
- Assuming the will controls pensions and death benefits
- Leaving an ex-spouse or parent on an old nomination form
- Not nominating at all and forcing trustees to guess
- Nominating minors without guardianship and control planning
- Using vague wording such as “my family” without clarity
- Failing to update employer death-in-service and HR forms
- Assuming all life policies pay the named person directly without checking ownership
- Forgetting offshore wrappers need admin execution planning
- Having different nominations across multiple pensions with no logic
- Not keeping a document pack and provider contact list
- Treating nominations as a one-off admin task rather than an annual audit
Common objections
“My will covers everything.”
Emotional logic
You have done the grown-up thing. You feel finished.
Practical risk
Many pensions and death benefits sit outside the will. An outdated nomination can override your intent. The will can be perfect and still not control the outcome.
Clean next step
List your pensions, death-in-service schemes, life policies, and offshore wrappers. Check which require nominations and update them to match your will intent.
“I do not have time for paperwork.”
Emotional logic
It feels low priority compared to work and family.
Practical risk
This is the paperwork that prevents a real crisis. A wrong nomination can cause years of conflict and months of delay at the worst time.
Clean next step
Block 30 minutes and update the top three: your biggest pension, your employer death benefit, and your main life policy.
“My spouse knows what I want.”
Emotional logic
Intent feels like enough.
Practical risk
Providers follow documents, not conversations. Trustees and administrators need written instructions.
Clean next step
Confirm your spouse is the nominated beneficiary where appropriate and that documents are stored in a shared, secure location.
“I nominated my children, so I’m done.”
Emotional logic
That sounds fair and responsible.
Practical risk
Minors cannot usually receive and manage money directly without control structures. You can create delays and court involvement if you have not planned governance.
Clean next step
Align nominations with will trusts, guardianship planning, and a letter of wishes that explains intent and control.
“My employer handles death benefits, so it’s sorted.”
Emotional logic
HR is responsible, not you.
Practical risk
HR cannot know your changing family situation unless you tell them. Old forms survive job changes and life changes.
Clean next step
Log into the employer portal and confirm the latest expression of wish is correct. Save a PDF copy in your estate folder.
“I have an offshore wrapper, it’s outside the UK, so beneficiaries will be simple.”
Emotional logic
Offshore sounds streamlined and protected.
Practical risk
Offshore still involves admin. Cross-border identity checks and missing documentation create delays. The nomination is necessary but not sufficient.
Clean next step
Create a one-page wrapper claims map with provider contacts, policy number, and required documents.
“I do not want trusts. They sound complicated.”
Emotional logic
You want simplicity and control.
Practical risk
For some assets, trusts are the mechanism that creates speed, control, and protection for minors. Avoiding them can create a messy outcome that is far more complicated later.
Clean next step
Use trusts only where they solve a specific problem: minor children, blended families, or estate liquidity timing. Keep the structure simple and documented.
Decision framework
- Inventory every pension, life policy, death-in-service scheme, and offshore wrapper
- Identify which assets sit outside the will and rely on nominations
- Define your intent clearly for spouse, children, and any other beneficiaries
- Decide how minors should be provided for and controlled
- Update nominations across all providers to match your intent
- Align will, trust structures, letters of wishes, and guardianship planning
- Create an executor pack with provider contacts, policy numbers, and document locations
- Build a 6–12 month liquidity runway that does not rely on instant claims
- Review annually and after key life events
- Re-test the plan after relocation or major asset changes
If you only do 3 things this week
- Update your largest pension nomination and your employer death benefit nomination.
- Create a single estate folder with PDFs of nominations and provider contacts.
- Check your nominations after any relationship change, especially divorce or remarriage.
Self-diagnostic
Answer yes or no:
- Do you have more than one pension or wrapper in different countries?
- Have you not reviewed nominations in the last 12 months?
- Have you been divorced, remarried, or had children since your last update?
- Are any beneficiaries minors?
- Would your spouse struggle to name all providers and policy numbers?
- Do you rely on employer death benefits and have not checked HR forms recently?
- Do you have offshore wrappers with no clear claim instructions stored?
- Are your nominations inconsistent with your will?
- Do you have a blended family or complex distribution goals?
- Do you lack a 6–12 month cash buffer for your family?
- Are any policies owned by a company or trust without clarity on purpose?
- Would a dispute between beneficiaries be realistic in your family context?
Interpretation
- Green (0–3 yes): your nomination system is likely in good shape. Keep reviewing annually.
- Amber (4–7 yes): you have meaningful risk of misalignment or delay. Run a full beneficiary audit.
- Red (8+ yes): your estate plan could break even if your will is perfect. Prioritise nominations and execution planning now.
FAQ
Quick definitions
- Beneficiary nomination: a form telling a provider who should receive death benefits.
- Expression of wish: a nomination used by pension trustees to guide discretionary decisions.
- Trustee discretion: trustees decide who receives benefits, using your wishes as a key input.
- Death in service: employer-provided death benefit, often separate from your personal will.
- SIPP: self-invested personal pension, often using expression of wishes for death benefits.
- Offshore wrapper: investment structure such as an offshore portfolio bond.
- Policy owner: the legal owner of an insurance policy, which drives payout routing.
- Life policy in trust: insurance owned by a trust to control payout and timing.
- Letter of wishes: a guidance letter that explains intent for trustees.
- Executor pack: the practical document set your family uses to administer assets.
Questions and answers
Do pension beneficiary nominations override a will?
Often, yes, in practice.
Many pensions sit outside the estate and are distributed using scheme rules and trustee discretion. Your nomination strongly influences who receives the benefit, even if the will says something different. If the nomination is outdated, the wrong person can be paid. The fix is simple: keep nominations aligned with your will and review them regularly.
What happens if I do not complete a pension nomination form?
Trustees or providers will decide based on scheme rules and the facts.
They may investigate dependants and family circumstances, which can delay payment. The outcome may still be sensible, but it is less predictable and can create disputes. Completing an expression of wish gives trustees clear guidance and usually speeds up decision-making. If you have multiple pensions, missing one form is a common cause of inconsistency.
Can I nominate my children if they are minors?
Yes, but you must plan who controls the money and how.
Minors often cannot receive and manage benefits directly, and different providers handle this differently. A nomination to minor children without aligned guardianship and trust planning can create delays or court involvement. Use a coordinated approach: will trusts, guardianship planning, and a letter of wishes that explains how funds should be used for the children.
How often should I update beneficiary nominations?
At least annually and after any major life event.
Life events include marriage, divorce, remarriage, new children, major wealth changes, relocation, and changes in dependency. Employer death-in-service forms are particularly easy to forget. An annual audit is usually enough to prevent most problems, and it avoids outdated nominations driving decisions years later.
What is the difference between a pension nomination and a will instruction?
A will controls your estate, a nomination guides death benefits outside it.
Pensions and some death benefits are distributed using scheme rules and trustee discretion. The nomination is a key input to that process. Your will may not control it at all. This is why a will can be correct and still fail to deliver your intended pension outcome. You need both documents aligned.
What happens to pension death benefits if I die while living abroad?
Usually the scheme rules still apply, but admin can be slower.
Trustees still consider your nomination and family circumstances. The cross-border friction is practical: proving identity, obtaining documents, and communicating across time zones. That is why an executor pack matters. If your nomination is clear and documentation is accessible, overseas location does not need to create chaos.
Should I name percentages or just list names on nominations?
Percentages are usually clearer when you want a defined split.
If you want a simple spouse-then-children structure, naming spouse as primary can work, but you must consider what happens if spouse predeceases you. Percentages reduce ambiguity, especially in blended families. Always include backup beneficiaries where the provider allows it. Clarity reduces trustee investigation time.
Can beneficiary nominations create inheritance tax issues?
They can affect outcomes, but tax depends on the asset and the rules at the time.
Pensions often have specific tax rules on death benefits and trustee discretion. Life insurance can sit inside or outside the estate depending on ownership and trust setup. Offshore wrappers also have their own rules. The practical planning point is to avoid accidental outcomes by aligning nominations, ownership, and legal documents, then reviewing when rules change.
Is it better to put life insurance in trust rather than name a beneficiary?
Often yes when speed and separation from the estate matters.
Naming a beneficiary can be simple, but ownership structure is what determines where proceeds land and whether probate delays apply. A trust can provide control and speed, especially for minor children, blended families, or estate liquidity planning. Trusts require governance and documentation. Use them when they solve a specific problem.
How do beneficiary nominations work on offshore portfolio bonds?
They usually operate via the provider’s nomination process, but execution planning is essential.
A correct nomination helps direct proceeds, but cross-border admin can slow things down. Families often struggle because they cannot find provider details or the policy number. Keep nominations current, store documents in an estate folder, and create a claims map with contacts and required documents so your family can act quickly.
What should I do if my nominations contradict each other across accounts?
Treat it as a red flag and align everything to one clear intent.
Contradictions are common when people change jobs, countries, or family structures. The risk is unpredictable outcomes and disputes. Build one beneficiary blueprint, then update every provider to match it. Keep a single record of what you changed and when. Consistency is what makes trustee discretion predictable.
If I have no dependants, do nominations still matter?
Yes, because wrong nominations still create admin and conflict.
If you have no dependants, you may still want assets to pass to parents, siblings, charities, or a partner. Without clear nominations, trustees may investigate and delay. Also, your circumstances can change quickly. Setting nominations now and reviewing annually is still the simplest way to control outcomes.
What should be included in an executor pack for beneficiary assets?
Provider names, policy numbers, contacts, and document locations.
Include a list of pensions, life policies, death-in-service schemes, offshore wrappers, and bank accounts used for premium payments. Include where nominations are stored and how to access portals. Add a short “first week” plan: who to contact first, what documents will be needed, and who can help. This turns grief admin into a process.
What happens next
A high-trust advice process typically follows five steps:
- Clarify intent, family outcomes, and any minor child or blended family issues
- Inventory all pensions, life cover, employer benefits, and offshore wrappers
- Align nominations, ownership, wills, trusts, letters of wishes, and guardianship planning
- Build an executor pack and a short-term liquidity plan
- Set review triggers and an annual audit cadence
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If you hold US-listed equities, it is important to understand the tax and estate planning implications discussed in Holding US Shares as an Expat: What You Need to Know.
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South African retirement annuities generally remain locked until retirement age unless specific non-resident withdrawal rules are met, and full access typically requires confirmed non-resident status for several years.
Conclusion
Beneficiary nominations are one of those rare planning tasks that is both simple and powerful.
They can:
- prevent the wrong person receiving a pension death benefit
- reduce delays for a grieving family
- keep wills, trusts, and financial accounts aligned
- make offshore wrappers and cross-border assets executable in real life
If you do nothing else, remember this:
Your will is essential, but it is not enough.
Nominations are the hidden layer that makes the whole plan work.
Compliance note
This article is for general education only and is not personal financial, legal, or tax advice. Provider rules and trustee discretion vary, and tax treatment can change. You should take regulated advice based on your circumstances, especially where there are minors, blended families, cross-border assets, or trust structures.
References
https://www.gov.uk/tax-on-pension-death-benefits
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/inheritance-tax-unused-pension-funds-and-death-benefits/inheritance-tax-unused-pension-funds-and-death-benefits
https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/pensions-tax-manual/ptm071000
https://www.thepensionsregulator.gov.uk/en/document-library/scheme-management-detailed-guidance/governing-body-detailed-guidance/trustee-guidance
https://www.ii.co.uk/pensions/retirement/expression-of-wishes
https://www.smartpension.co.uk/members-articles/complete-your-expression-of-wish
https://www.gov.uk/inheritance-tax
https://www.lawsociety.org.uk/topics/wills-and-probate
https://www.abi.org.uk/products-and-issues/choosing-the-right-insurance/
https://www.fca.org.uk/consumers/insurance
